It was hard not to wince a bit when, during George W. Bush's recent
visit to Albania, Prime Minister Sali Berisha called the American president the "greatest and most distinguished guest we have ever had in all times (sic)." Especially when flanked by pictures of ordinary Albanians clambering over one another for a chance to shake Bush's hand, and mentions in every article of stamps featuring Bush's face and streets named after him, the news carried a strong whiff of the strange political atmosphere in a country that has always seen itself as abandoned by Europe (with good reason) and now feels no choice but to welcome a warmongering U.S. president whose approval rating has long hovered around 30 percent at home and is widely hated in Western Europe.
To understand the truly unconditional support that Albanian representatives are demonstrating to Bush, one has to be aware of the historical dynamic, so well known in Albania that almost every one I spoke with mentioned it to me at least once, of European abandonment and American concern. The story of European abandonment goes back at least to the fourteenth century, when Albanians fought countless battles against the invading Ottoman armies, with virtually no assistance from Christian Europe. Later, after World War I, the European Great Powers were allied either with Greece (in the case of Britain) or Serbia (in the case of Russia) and favored the total annexation of the Albanian territories. It was Woodrow Wilson--the most respected U.S. president in Albania--who defended the country's right to exist, although it still lost the regions of Chameria to Greece and Kosovo to Serbia.
Since the fall of Communism in Albania, a somewhat similar dynamic has appeared. Unemployment is severe; poverty is rampant, and almost every family has at least two members living in Greece, Italy or the U.K. to work and send money home. This situation has created a kind of snobbery or even racism against Albanians in Europe, which does not exist in the U.S. Interestingly, despite the fact of numerous extraordinary renditions and detentions of random Muslims by the U.S. military, Albanians--70% of whom are Muslims--have been somehow immune from this. Perhaps U.S. anti-Islam-ism looks for a combination of racial and religious difference? I don't know, and many immigrants can tell you horror stories of desperate life in New Jersey or Ohio, but the fact remains that Albanians are more welcomed in the U.S. than they are in Europe.
Compound this with Clinton's intervention on the behalf of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo during the 1990's, and you can see why the Albanians are pro-American. This is a small, poor country that needs friends, and America really has been one. Bush is serious when he says he supports independence for Kosovo. This will inflame things even further with Russia, of course, but that isn't stopping Bush on any other front. And, in return, Albania offers the chance for the media to say "As despised as George W. Bush is, there's still one country in the world that welcomes him as a hero." That does make a difference in the global PR war.
I worry what that representation will mean for Albania's future. A millennium of struggle for independence, just to kowtow to the likes of George W. Bush? It's depressing, and I'm not the only one who thinks so. As an Albanian friend wrote to me yesterday:
I am a little sad too. Albania always makes me a little sad for lots of reasons. I, however, know one thing for sure: they are so sick of their position in Europe after the saga of the communist regime and the subsequent consequences we suffer to this day (the alienation from the rest of EC, the sense of isolation and rejection, the sad fact of being poor to the bone and having such an awful domestic leadership, which is to my opinion the worst evil they need to fight against), that they seek all means to get out of the puddle and find a way to become stronger.
That said, I remember what it was like to talk to people in Albania about America. The media makes it seem like they're overflowing with emotion about it, but I have a feeling that the emotion was more pride at being important enough to warrant a visit from Bush than love of Bush himself. People had a very particular way of talking about it. "We don't like the war in Iraq," they would say, "but you helped us so we'll help you." That was the sense I got of the real relationship: a pragmatic exchange of support that Albanians saw as essential to their own survival.
—James